The Young and the Hopeless by Good Charlotte free essay sample

Great Charlotte was made in 1996 by Joel and Benji Madden, Paul Thomas, and Billy Martin. Their first collection â€Å"Good Charlotte† was discharged in 2000 and didn't move them into the national spotlight. Their second collection â€Å"The Young and the Hopeless† discharged in 2002 propelled them into the open eye. The significant subjects of this collection are calling attention to the issues with society, conquering battles, and advancing uniqueness. The Madden siblings recommend that society advances a lifestyle that spoils the rich while compelling the basic man to make it his all consuming purpose to turn into a VIP. Great Charlotte proposes this issue in the third melody of their collection, â€Å"Lifestyles of the Rich and the Famous†. This tune says that superstars â€Å"want sympathy†, yet that they couldn’t live â€Å"life out on the street†. They likewise bring up that on the off chance that you were acclaimed â€Å"you could execute your significant other and there was nothing of the sort as 25 to life†. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Young and the Hopeless by Good Charlotte or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Big names that perpetrate a genuine wrongdoing don't need to confront the repercussions of their activities in light of the fact that the overall population glorifies them. In their melody â€Å"Girl Boys†, they recognize what society powers the ladies in our locale to be. The theme, â€Å"Girls don’t like young men young ladies like vehicles and money†, demonstrates that society compels ladies to be â€Å"gold diggers†, dating young men for just their material belongings. The young men likewise exploit this which makes a significant number of the relationship end. The individuals from Good Charlotte clue that they have had many bombed connections throughout their life, however they offer plan to others and their connections. The fourth melody on the collection, â€Å"Wondering†, recounts to the tale of a couple during the time spent a separation where they don't know whether they should separate. The Maddens propose the possibility that everybody merits somebody worth hanging tight for. The keep going melody on the collection, â€Å"Movin’ On†, is tied in with getting over separations, family issues and ordinary battles. They propose that everything shows signs of improvement, it just requires some investment. The Madden siblings have felt this actually in light of the fact that their dad left them when they were youthful. The audience takes in this from the tune â€Å"Emotionless† which starts and finishes with the expression â€Å"Hay Dad†. This sets up that the Madden siblings are over their dad leaving an d they are better for it. This melody gives the audience trust that each battle yields a decent outcome. The Madden siblings additionally cause to notice the possibility that regardless of what you are experiencing you are not the only one in their melody â€Å"Hold On†. It recounts to the narrative of a young lady that has a horrible life. Her â€Å"mother’s gone and [her] father hits [her]†. It infers that she is self-destructive, however the Maddens give trust toward the finish of the melody with the words â€Å"Hold on †¦ It shows signs of improvement then you know†. This expression gives them the ethos required to discuss such subjects. They by implication reveal to us that they were in that equivalent position prior in their life, and they are better for it. This melody recognizes uniqueness in a negligible manner. â€Å"Hold On† suggests that beating these battles makes somebody their own unmistakable individual. This is one of the numerous melodies that Good Charlotte uses to advance independence. The most mainstream melody on their collection â€Å"The Anthem† handles this issue head on. â€Å"I don’t wanna be you† is the questionable expression that is the essential weapon in â€Å"The Anthem†. At the point when they state â€Å"you†, they don't mean the audience; they mean culture and the individuals that guide them. They like being â€Å"weird† and urge others to conflict with business as usual. This push is likewise important in â€Å"The Story of My Old Man†. The Madden siblings let us know, the crowd, that their dad is the encapsulation of what’s amiss with society, however they caution us not to resemble their dad. They use anaphora, when they sat â€Å"Woke up on Sunday hopeless again†¦again†¦again†, to d isclose to us that in the event that we surrender to society our lives will be monotonous and exhausting. In any case, they additionally encourage us to voice our assessment in the melody â€Å"Riot Girl†. Prior to tuning in to this collection, all I thought about was what others think about me. Presently I’m not hesitant to act naturally. I prescribe this collection to anybody ready to tune in. Great Charlotte has some really significant comments you should simply tune in. It is safe to say that you will tune in?

Intersectionality Assignment Essay

The meaning of intersectionality expresses that it is the social hypothesis proposing different socially and socially developed classes of separation communicate on numerous and regularly concurrent levels, adding to methodical social imbalance. Intersectionality holds that the old style models of abuse inside society, for example, those dependent on race/ethnicity, sex, religion, nationality, sexual direction, class, or incapacity don't act autonomously of each other; rather, these types of persecution interrelate making an arrangement of mistreatment that mirrors the â€Å"intersection† of various types of segregation. (http://geekfeminism.wikia.com/wiki/Intersectionality) I think the creator planned to remember intersectionality for the story to show that individuals tend to classify others quickly without becoming more acquainted with them. As people we judge others an abundant excess to our benefit and we don’t even acknowledge we are doing it larger part of the ti me. I think Morrison’s principle reason in Recitatif is to make the peruser much progressively mindful of their cliché decisions about various races dependent on the utilization of various signs that Twyla and Roberta show as characters all through the story. By composing with this procedure of utilizing shrouded signs in the content it makes the peruser start to attempt to normally make sense of the races of Twyla and Roberta. She additionally remembers things for this story, for example, their perspectives on knowledge, physical appearance, racial pressures, riches and social class. I think Morrison plans to make her perusers mindful that we are for the most part blameworthy of utilizing generalizations that this general public has made for us. It’s exactly what we have known for our entire lives. Perhaps a took in conduct from our folks, grandparents, or anybody we are around a great deal. Everybody, regardless of whether they are bigot or the most non-supremacist individual on earth, makes decisions on a â€Å"different† individual that doesn’t fit into their â€Å"norm†. In the event that I needed to speculate I would state Twyla is dark and Roberta is white. One section in the story Roberta says that â€Å"they never washed their hair and they smelled funny†, alluding to Twyla. Roberta likewise said this regarding Twyla’s mother â€Å"She was large. Greater than any man and on her chest was the greatest cross I’d ever observed. I swear it was six inches in length every way. What's more, in the criminal of her arm was the greatest book of scriptures ever made.† This portrayal seems like a major African American mother in light of the fact that that’s what you could picture her as. Being Christian, not keen on being com panions with Roberta’s mother, and raging endlessly from her gets my psyche envisioning that she is the disposition dark enormous momma kind of lady. Something else I chose to take a gander at to assist me with choosing was their names. Supposedly on it gets more enthusiastically to keep the equivalent a similar manner of thinking on who’s separated of what race as a result of the various generalizations and explanations that are made by the characters when they keep on running into each other sometime down the road. Additionally in light of the fact that as an individual you begin to understand that you are judging and doing whatever it takes not to. For me that started a totally different perspective and consistently changed my assessment about the perusing a few times At times Roberta might be the dark young lady and Twyla could be white. All in all, its essentially surrendered over to you to choose who’s what race and its truly going to make you fully aware of how critical you can be and how enormous of a job these ordinary generalizations truly have at the forefront of your thoughts, in any event, when it appears that you have no bigotry or deciding in you.

Generation and Gender management in workplace Research Paper

Age and Gender the board in working environment - Research Paper Example Henceforth, overseeing different individuals are trying for the associations. Individuals from various generations’ structures a piece of the workforce, where the new representatives need to work alongside a few senior workers (Dow Jones and Company, Inc., 2014). The paper manages reflecting upon a work involvement with Sheraton inn to explore ages and sexual orientation the executives in the working environment. For the most part, there are four ages in the working environment. Probably the most seasoned age working in an association is ‘Veterans’, conceived between the years 1922 to 1946. Veterans are the senior a great many people working in an association, as far as age bar. Be that as it may, in Sheraton Hotel, there are no veterans. The following class age is the Baby Boomers, conceived between the years 1946 to 1964. A large portion of the gen X-ers are experienced, especially because of the way that the individuals of this age have confronted difficulties during both great and troublesome occasions of the associations. These people born after WW2 gain information from their experience, aptitudes, and thinking capacities. Moreover, people born after WW2 accept that whether they convey a particular instructive degree or not, an individual can pick up progress just through close to home encounters with an association. They esteem the corporate timings and authoritative thoug ht processes, and are unbendable to patterns of the individuals in their own and expert culture. In Sheraton Hotel, there is just a single female person born after WW2, utilized as quarters boss. She is a moderately aged lady, whose central obligation is to keep up the quarters environmental factors clear. She has increased experienced in this work, which she identifies with her various accomplishments after she was chosen as the residence administrator years back. She went about as an imperative wellspring of inspiration for me, since she practiced a solid impact over the center level workers and students.

Introducing Essay Help

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Essay on Business Ethics - 1239 Words

Business Ethics Corporate fraud has grabbed national headlines repeatedly in the last year. Although, Enron and World Com are two of the highest profile cases of corporate scam, ethics in the business world are generally deplorable. One of the most morally reprehensible cases to hit the newspapers in the past several years is that of Robert R. Courtney. His sense of business and personal ethics reflects moral depravity at its darkest moment. What he did was evil on both a business and certainly on a personal level. As a pharmacist, he was entrusted by patients, oncologists, and major drug companies, to fill prescriptions for cancer patients. He defied and denied this trust. Apparently he owed the IRS $600,000, and ironically†¦show more content†¦Courtney violated this theory. What he did in essence was to cruelly twist the theory of utilitarianism by delivering the greatest harm to the most people he could. He had it turned around and was apparently not concerned with how his gre edy, short-sighted , and immoral behavior was affecting others. Although this theory gives latitude to individual definitions of â€Å"good†, Courtney ‘s manipulation of good and evil, right and wrong could not be justified on any level. Immanuel Kant posed a different framework from which ethics evolve. He supposed that actions spring from a person’s sense of duty. Is it possible Robert Courtney felt his duty to the IRS and to his local church was more important than his professional duty to dying cancer patients? Courtney’s duty as pharmacist should have prevailed and kept him from doing what he did. Both teleological and deontological theories emphasize dignity and respect. Robert Courtney violated each of these theories. In the beginning, regardless of his actions being accidental or deliberate, the pharmacist must have contemplated his own sensibilities and moral convictions. Supposing that Robert R. Courtney had never developed any moral character, rules governing pharmacists’ behavior prohibit what he did. It was his duty to take these rules into account and abide by them, when in fact Courtney did the exact opposite. He defied personal and professionalShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethi cs : Ethics And Business943 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions in Business is Ethics. Some people believe that the decisions businesses make in interest of the business has no place in ethics and that they are essentially amoral. These businesses believe that their main objective is to simply make a profit and that it does not affect the success of the business. Whereas some businesses believe that they have to take ethics into consideration, in order for their business to be a success. Richard T. De George (1999) states that ethics and business do notRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 PagesReview Nowadays, the concern for business ethics is growing rapidly in the business community around the world. Business ethics are focused on the judgment of decisions taken by managers and their behaviors. The issue regarding these judgments is the norms and cultures that shape these judgments. Business ethics are concerned about the issue, how will the issue be solved and how will it move ahead along the transition analysis as well (Carroll, 2014). Business ethics can be addressed at differentRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1304 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Ethics Varun Shah University of Texas at Dallas Business Ethics Morals are a crucial part of life. Without having principles one would never be able to distinguish the right from wrong and good from evil. Just as it applies to life in general, ethics is an integral part of doing business as well. When we here the term Business Ethics in our work place, we usually do not take it seriously and brush it off saying ‘it’s just a simple set of basic rules like not cheating and so on’. ThisRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesResource A discusses how ethics is crucial in business. There are three key ideas used to understand this. Firstly, making ethically wrong decisions tend to cause more upset than other general mistakes as purposeful unethical actions are not as easily forgiven or forgotten. Secondly, ethics provides businesses with a broader understanding of everything to do with their business. Business ethics is effectively just business it its larger human context. Thirdly, being unethical ca n tarnish the publicRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1064 Words   |  5 Pages　　　　Business Ethics Ethics can be viewed as the rules and values that determine goals and actions people should follow when dealing with other human beings. However, business ethics can be defined as moral principles of a business. It examines moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Generally, it has both normative and descriptive dimensions. Organization practice and career specialization are regarded as normative whereas academics attempting to understand business behaviourRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics757 Words   |  4 Pagesdeciding what to do in certain situations, ethics is what guides an individual to act in a way that is good, or right. Those involved in business settings apply ethics to business situations, known as business ethics. It is expected of businesses, small and large, to follow business ethics. There is a particular framework businesses are to follow. However, the reoccurring news headlines of poor business ethics prove differently. Poor busine ss ethics include bribery, corporate accounting scandalsRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1200 Words   |  5 PagesEthics meaning in simple way for average person is what is right from wrong. According to Chris MacDonald (2010)† Ethics† can be defined as the critical, structured examinations of how we should behave - in particular, how we should constrain the pursuit of self-interest when our actions affect others. â€Å"Business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that address the moral features of commercial activity (Business ethics, 2008).Working in ethical way in business has a lot of benefits which can attractRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Business Ethics Unit 37: National Diploma Assignment brief TASK 1: Scenario: Business ethics - a study of a selected company With growing interest among consumers regarding the business ethics of the businesses brands that consumers buy, Westminster council wants to conduct an independent review of some of the organisations that sell their goods and services in the borough. You have been asked to select one of the following brands and conduct research into their business ethics. 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The Modern Era Of American History - 1555 Words

Out with the Old and in with the New The 1920s stand as a monumental decade in American history with radical shifts in the values and practices of many Americans due to the revelations in science and the birth of the Modernist movement that spurred societal reformation. However, these progressive ideals and values were met with fierce opposition in many regards that created a polarity in America between proponents of this new religion and advocates for the traditional old religion of Christianity and conservative principles. The 1920s served to utterly alter the values of American society with the genesis of unprecedented scientific knowledge and an end to World War I, both of which served to create a sharp divide between the new religion of Americans who sought to modernize culture and education and the old religion of Americans who advocated for a return to the archaic forms of living. With an end to the First World War, Americans at long last were able to concern themselves with personal matters, needs, and desires, as opposed to those of the country’s in wartime t. This development of a high value placed on self-treatment resulted in the rise of a consumer culture that entailed the rise of industry and the manufacture of goods. Consumerism and industry go hand-in-hand at the time, with consumer products becoming â€Å"symbols and proofs of excellence† (Doc. 1). The desire for new products and purchasing goods initiates the rise of a new religion in America, replacingShow MoreRelatedThe Japanese American National Museum1354 Words   |  6 Pages The Japanese American National Museum is located in the heart of Little Tokyo, surrounded by many ramen diners, mini malls, and japanese boutiques. The museum opens up chronologically, starting off by displaying the migration of the Japanese with their aspirations to start a new life in America. 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Auditing and Assurance Services Audit Inherent Risk Model

Question: Describe about the Auditing and Assurance Services for Audit Inherent Risk Model. Answer: Meaning of Inherent risk: Inherent Risk is the risk of a material misstatement in the financial statements arising due to error or omission as a result of factors other than the failure of controls (factors that may cause a misstatement due to absence or lapse of controls are considered separately in the assessment of control risk). Factors that would have contributed to increased inherent risk assessment at the financial reporting level: Competence and Integrity of management: At financial reporting level, many disclosures in financial statements, policies, trade practices etc. Are based on management judgement and their approach towards future economic growth. Say few estimates are to made to disclose true picture of financials i.e provision for employee benefits, provision for expenses etc Assessing management integrity is no easy task but at financial reporting level, inherent risk of audit increases if competence and integrity of management is found to be low by the auditor. As mentioned in the question, due to rapid industry growth in the industry, significant managerial experience in the industry was limited. Thus, due to limited experience management may not get proper solutions for complex situations arising in the business or it may not be able to estimate future trends and technologies of which management of competitor entity are aware of. Discrepancies in accounting records: It may happen that the accounting records are maintained properly in an entity. Say for example, there are many errors and omissions in the accounting records. Due to this factor, financial position as at reporting date may be mislead to an large extent Discrepancy in accounting records affects can effect any component of financial statement i.e. revenue, expenditure of any other balance sheet or profit and loss item. Thus, if any discrepancies are found in accounting records inherent risk of audit will be assessed as high. In case of inexperienced accounting personnel, it may happen that accountants are not clear at entry level only. They may get confused in debit and credit entries. Thus, it may cost discrepancies in accounting records. The trail balance of the company may not tally, account balances may not represent actual account balances, etc. which increases inherent risk involved in audit at financial reporting level. Unusual relationship between auditor and management: An audit involves reporting on financial statements of an entity whether they are true and fair independently. If there is any indication of unusual relationship between auditor and management i.e. high volume of transactions between both, old friendship or relationship between auditor and management. Etc may affect the independence of auditor and the auditor may not report the actual picture of financial statements and he may end up reporting in favour of the entity. Thus, this factor increases inherent risk of audit. The indicators of unusual relationships may be recurring cash transactions between auditor and the company, auditor and company are related parties, etc. Unusual transactions with outside or significant related party transactions: Related parties are parties which are mainly controlled by common controlling authority. It may happen that, for personal benefits directors may transfer profits of one entity to other. Or it may happen that they sell products of one company to other related party at cheaper rates to make other entity profitable. Thus, in case if at the beginning of audit, the auditor finds large volume of transactions with related party or any unusual transaction with related party, he may classify inherent risk of audit as high. There may be some transactions with external parties identified at the start of audit or during the course of audit which are unusual in nature. For example, a transaction not related to business, high cash value transaction or other transaction which the auditor may find unusual increase the inherent risk of audit. These transactions may also impact financial position of an entity. Thus, occurrence of such unusual transactions increases the inherent risk of audit. Further, if transactions with related parties are high in volume also affect the inherent risk involved in audit. As the entity has interest in its related party, the transactions may not be arms length price or it may happen that funds are transferred from one entity to other and share holders funds are used for related party of the entity. Such kind of transactions increase the inherent risk involved in a audit at financial statement level. Financial results that seem too good to be true: In some cases, financial results of a company seem too good i.e financial position of the company seems too good as compared to industry trends and companys internal financial structure and capability of the management. For example, average profit in industry is 10% but the financial of the entity are showing profit of 40 %. This kind of situations leads to more complex judgements by the auditor. Thus, if financial results seem too good to be true, the inherent risk in audit will increase. The company may display wrong picture in financials to attract shareholders, investors and customers towards services. It may happen that, to attract large investments, profit of the company is disclosed doubled or the liquid ratio is disclosed favourable to the company. Though, the auditor through his professional scepticism may identify that such financials are not in line with current financial position of the company of industry. Thus, he may have to perform additional audit procedures to ensure the financial results disclosed by the company are true and fair. Factors which would have identified at strategic planning level: Competency and Integrity of management: Management can plan and divide work in such a manner that expert in particular work in allotted to the work matching with his expertise. Discrepancies in accounting records: Management can set up controls for accounting at strategic planning level. Solution: Inherent risk factors that would have contributed to increased inherent risk assessment at the account balance level: Account represents an asset that can be easily stolen: There may be a case where assets of the entity are kept or maintained in such a way that they can be easily stolen. For example, company keeps few of its machines outside the factory due to storage issues in factory and no security is there to keep watch on that machines which are kept outside the factory. Now there may be a case where this assets are stolen and the auditor even the company is not aware of the case. In such situations, it may happen that auditor reports gross block of assets as 1,00,000$ and only assets worth 97,000$ are available physically. This increases the inherent audit risk at account balance level. Fixed assets cover a major portion of entitys financials. If fixed assets are not disclosed properly in the financials, there is high risk of misrepresentation of the companys financial position. Thus account balances represent assets that can be easily stolen, it is high risk item for an auditor and thus it increases inherent audit risk at financial statement level. Account balance made up of complex transactions: If any account has complex entries and account balance is not clear or the nature of transactions in that account is not clear to auditor the auditor has to perform additional procedures to comment on true and fair view of that account. For example, an account used for accounting of taxes and proper narration is not given to entries in that account, it may happen that auditor finds that account very complex and perform additional procedures to get comfort on the figures of that account. Further, it is also possible that technical knowledge of accountant is less and entries of expenses are routed through the ledger of tax. Such cases increase the inherent audit risk at account balance level. Account balance requires a high level of estimation to value: There are some transactions in which proper estimation by management is required to complete the accounts so that false picture financial position of the entity is not reported. Examples of such kind of estimations are provisions for expenses accrued but not due, provision for gratuity, contingent liability, etc. If the company is incurring high volume of expenditure at the year end of which exact payment to be made for that expenditure in not know by the management, management estimates become more crucial in depicting the financial picture and thus it increases the inherent risk of audit. Other Factors: Account balance subject to adjustments that are not in the ordinary processing routine: Financials are finalised after making some adjustments in accounts for presentation of financial statements to comply with reporting standards. If the accounts are too complex and many adjustments are required in that for proper disclosure, probability of error increases and inherent risk of audit also increases. Account balances are composed of high value of non routine transactions: In such cases it becomes difficult for auditor to easily rely on account balances as it consists of unusual transactions which are not in course of business. Auditor has to perform additional audit procedures to insure that balance in such kind of accounts is true and fair. Solution Comment on going concern of business enterprise: Going concern if affected by the following: Stability of business: If there is any indication of any future or current event which may impact operations of business substantially going concern concept is affected.. For example, if any new product is launched in market which is better than the companys product and company is not able to upgrade its product due to limitation of resources, it may happen that customers start buying new product in market and demand of companys product decreases drastically. In case of Nokia, the company was not able to upgrade with technology and it continued with old technology and ended up being sold to Microsoft. There are many other factors which affect the going concern assumption of business entity such as continuous losses to the company, internal work environment of the company shows possibility of lock out, strike of worker etc. In case of One Tel(Given company in the question) going concern is assessed as low due to following factors: Australias telecommunication sector is already well grown and many telecom companies are operating in the market with big investments and well skilled man force. Further, Telstra is holding major customer share in market. Along with Telstra there are many players in the market in this sector. In such kind of markets and such kind of business scales it becomes very difficult for new enterprises like Telstra to operate in market and sustain growth continuously. Considering the mobile operators in Australia, 42% of the population is already using mobile phones. In such case it becomes difficult to attract new customers as many of the customers are already using the service and One Tel has to launch a very attractive productservice to attract the buyers. Due to the rapid growth of the industry described in the previous section significant managerial experience in the industry was limited. This is most important factor for an enterprise to continue in a competitive market. It may happen that, management fails to attract customers with its products as management of competitor is more efficient than one tel. Decision making may fail due to lack of experience. In complex situations, management decisions play crucial role, and if management is not competent enough to cope with situation, the company may suffer heavy losses. One Tel is operating in a competitive business environment where already many businesses are already established one tel will start establishing its business from this point. Considering the market share of competition and experience of the competitors it is tough job for one tel to establish a customer base and sustain in such a competitive market and achieve growth along with earning profits. References: Accounting-Simplified.com, S 2014, Audit Risk Model: Inherent Risk, Control Risk Detection Risk, viewed 19 September 2016, https://accounting-simplified.com/audit/risk-assessment/audit-risk.html Investopidea, S 2015, Examples of inherent risk, viewed 19 September 2016, https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/041615/what-are-some-examples-inherent-risk.asp The InformationOverload.com, S 2015, Inherent Risk in Audit, viewed 19 September 2016, https://theinformationoverload.com/what-is-inherent-risk/ Wikipedia, S 2016, Audit Risk, viewed 19 September 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_risk

Western European Agricultural Advances Essays -

Western European Agricultural Advances Western European Agricultural Advances Over the course of world history, there have been many factors that have changed the course of Western European history. Two of those main factors were the inventions of the chest harness for the horse and the three-field system of agriculture. The harness for the horses of the early middle ages was poorly designed and needed to be changed. The early harnesses were used around the horses neck. This led to strangulation of the horses while pulling the plow. Obviously, these early harnesses needed to be designed better to better put the use of the power and speed of the horse. This change came about in the early 900's. An invention was made that allowed the harness to be placed around the horses chest. This new invention prevented horses from being strangled, which allowed for faster plowing and greater food production. Around the same time as the chest harness' invention, medieval villagers were organizing their land into a two field system of agriculture. This system utilized one large field divided in half, one half of a field with crops and left the other half of a field was left unplanted for a year so as not to exhaust the soil. This system led to problems, because dividing the land in half led to shortages in the production of food because only half of the field was being used. This system of agriculture needed some minor adjustments to increase the production of food without destroying the soil in the process. This new system came about around the year 800. Farmers began to use a new system, the three-field system, to farm their crops. The three field system used one large field like it's earlier counterpart. The only change, was that the field was divided into three fields. Instead of only getting food from one half of your land, you could use two-thirds of the land to produce your own food. The direct result was a greater food production. Both of these agricultural inventions forever changed the course of western European history. Using the three field system allowed for the villagers to have more to eat because of the amount of food produced. They produced more of the foods that are good sources of proteins which led to decreased sickness and disease. This led to the increase in the population of Western Europe. People were now able to raise larger families. With the new and improved harnesses on the horses, horses could now plow quicker. A farmer could start farming more land quicker because of the faster plowing methods. This led to even more food being produced, also increasing the population. These two inventions, brought together, forever changed the course of European history. They increased fertile land growth, increased the population, help to try and prevent disease and sickness with better foods and increased food production tremendously.

Lord of the Flies Symbols, characters allegory essays

Lord of the Flies Symbols, characters allegory essays Golding deftly forges two leaders amongst the boys, Ralph and Jack. The two are the respective island equivalents of a democratic president and a communist premier. Jack and Ralph frequently take contrary positions; slowly, creating two distinct tribes as their personal animosity increases. Early in the novel the allocation of power is the first key issue of confrontation upon which the two figures distinguish themselves. The stranded boys revert back to their inherited customs and call for an election of a chief. Jack, much in the fashion of a power hungry dictator, attempts to seize power. I ought to be chief, because Im chapter chorister and head boy. (22) Golding quickly foreshadows Jacks totalitarian control over his subjects, All right who wants Jack for Chief? With dreary obedience the choir raised their hands. (22) Jacks counterpart, Ralph, is elected by an overwhelming majority. Instead of attempting to impress his will upon others, Ralph democratically delegates, exercisin g the consent given to him by the electorate. You voted me for chief. Now you do what I say. (81) Unlike Jack, Ralph does not horde power, he honors the democratic rights of free speech and freedom of expression. He establishes the rules of popular debate during meetings. We cant have everyone talking at once. Well have to have Hands up like at school...Ill give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when hes speaking. (33) Oppositely Jack in many scenes is portrayed as prying, or attempting to snatch the conch away from orators, and especially so from Piggy. This repetitive action of Jack draws close parallels to soviet suppression of voice; Piggy represents intellectuals, such as Golding himself, the victims of zealous communistic repression. When finally the opposite poles of Jack and Ralph repel too greatly for reconcilia...

Wave Motion - Pest in the Pool Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wave Motion - Pest in the Pool - Assignment Example This natural frequency was calculated to be. Stationary waves commonly referred to as standing waves are waves that appear to be moving back and forth on the same sport i.e. they oscillate instead of making linear motion. This phenomenon can take place if two waves of equal wavelength and frequency travelling in the opposite directions superimpose on each other (Jerry, 2006). On the water, two water waves travelling in the opposite direction can be produced by sending a wave against a barrier that will block further propagation of the wave. Hence reflect the wave back in the opposite way. This reflected wave which is a counter-propagating wave is of the same amplitude, wavelength and frequency as the incident wave. Thus, these two waves will interfere both constructively and destructively (Halliday, Robert & Jearl, 2006). Standing waves being oscillations nature other than linear motion; they take on basic parameters related to oscillations such as; angular frequency and period. The angular frequency, , and period, T, are related according to the formula below; Where  is the velocity of the wave,  is the linear frequency and  is the distance between two successive crests of the incident wave (Feynman, Leighton, and Sands, 2013). The frequency of the propagating wave is the same as the frequency of the wave marker. The frequency can also be obtained from the period of one complete cycle as; Where the crest of one wave and trough of the other wave meets, they cancel out creating a node at that point. Halfway between two nodes the two waves superimpose constructively building an antinode. Antinodes are the points of maximum displacements. The distance between two nodes, L, is related to the wavelength of the wave by; By using a buoyancy board, water waves are generated and sent to the other end of the pool at same interval. The wall of the opposite side of the pool will act as a barrier and reflect the periodic wave back in the opposite

Middle range theories Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle range theories - Coursework Example Having mapped the full extent of the damages the patient had sustained in the accident, it became increasingly imperative that various technology be assembled to aid the patient surmount the challenges she faced with regards to feeding. As thus, a feeding tube was assembled to help achieve this objective. This was through a process medically referred to as gavage (Joanne, 2008). In medical practice, there are many tubes of this kind that, most of them made of polyurethane or silicon. In this case, other nurses and I promptly settled on a nasogastric feeding tube, which is technologically designed to enable feeding of a victim not able to feed normally by inserting the implement through the nose. In this nasogastric intubation exercise, we practically went about passing the feeding tube through the nostril, down the esophagus and into the stomach. The technology proved to be an effective temporary measure to directly help the patient through the challenge. The process is completely delicate and required an outstanding amount of precision with very little margin for era given the vital organs we had to keep watch on and the rather mechanical approach of the intervention. We had to be patient and show a practical depiction of the care required in the nursing profession. The response and commitment the nurses had shown in this procedure was very commendable and was instrumental for the success of the whole process. Having cared for a terminally ill lung cancer patient, I have had first-hand experience to care and stand up for a patient through the intrigues of his final moments of life. In caring for the patient, there were many complex issues involved and equal measure of effort on my side to fully attend to the patient and make him completely at peace and appreciated. To begin with, I implored on the patient to seek spiritual peace upon learning he had a religious personality. Upon research, I was able to give adequate guidance

Organizational Behavior Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behavior Study Guide Essay Organizational Behavior – is the understanding of how organizations work and how to have people perform efficiently. It is extracted from different areas of study, and is interested in how these fields are integrated into workplace behavior. Basic Leadership Model – knowledge of OB x behavioral skills = leadership effectiveness Organizational Behavior – 1) individual level is where members make sense of the world and derive motivation. 2) how teams function. How they deal, ethical decision making, and power politics. 3) Organizational level – how the firm is structured, selecting developing talent, creating sustaining a culture, manage change. Behavioral skills – facilitate team decision making, effective communication, effective negotiation, use power wisely, and managers organization change. Organization change over time – theories become more complex and and yet more accurate but they are harder to apply since they are all based on the situation and culture limits the applicability of these theories also. Pre 20 century – work was done from home/crafts, orgs were military and church, Adam Smith division of labor and theories of use of machinery to save labor costs. 1900 – industrialism and mass production using division of labor. 1920 – scientific management fred taylor: cult of efficiency task analysis, standardization, pay by performance, training, and systemic selection. Classical management: Henry Fayle: PODSC: planning, organizing, directing, staffing, and controlling. Unity of command: one leader, specialization: doing one activity and people got good at it so replacing was easy. Scalar chain: the yields of an output TxC input multiplied by constant. Span of control: how many subordinates under control. During this time was 5 to 7 now its over 20. 1930 Hawthorne studies by Elton mayo. Findings were that interaction in the test group had increased productivity; feelings and supervision had big effect in production. Informal groups also were formed due to interaction. 1940 –group dynamics: when teams made their own decisions they required more information to be shared with employees and yet this was complex but made them have a sense of commitment to the job. Bureaucracy with Max Weber: job descriptions, specific responsibility, written rules, right of appeal, fair and equal treatment and managing became a profession to learn. 1950- Task leaders were only concerned with accomplishing the task. Social leaders were concerned with employees. Limits to rationality suffice rather than maximize. There is a limit of how much info. You can absorb. Gordon Howell: it asked for professionalism and more scientific knowledge. 1960,1970-Systems thinking environment and organization explaining and predicting behavior. Contingency thinking variables on factors. Leadership is contingent on many factors. 1980 and now – Mckribbin porter studies asked for more communication, and social skills and cultural diversity. Leader-awareness will make a better leader. Biographical traits, personality, attitudes and values, ability influences your perception and motives. And perception and motivation influence productivity, absence, turnover, and satisfaction. When hiring: skills, attitudes and values, and personality are looked at if you fit in the organization and see how well you work in teams. People who don’t fit in will have low performance high absenteeism/turnover. Age-older people are less likely to be absent for avoidable reasons and more likely to be absent for unavoidable reasons. (such as illness). Older people have les employment opportunities. Their job provides them with higher wages and pension benefits. Productivity there is no relation with age. Positive satisfaction 60+. Gender- no gender differences and no differences in productivity. Women are more likely to be absent because of children. Marital status- in general married people are more stable, brings job to be more valuable, fewer absence and turnover rates, more satisfied. Tenure – people who have been around for a long while are likely to stay and there is decreased turnover. Tenure on previous jobs help predict employees future turnover. Promotes conveys loyalty. Extra experience leads to increased productivity. Ability – skills that individual posses. Intellectual ability: mental activities, thinking, reasoning and problem solving. Those individuals who have a high intellectual ability and work at jobs that do not challenge them become bored and lack motivation. Physical ability: require physical traits for some jobs. Emotional intelligence: self awareness becoming aware of yourself and your areas of strength. Self management working without constant supervision. Self motivated ability to persist if there is setbacks or failures, social skills the ability to deal with others and their emotions, empathy ability to sense how others are feeling. Emotional intelligence affects job performance as employees can relate to each other. Cultural Values – experiences learned that shape our behavior. High low power distance: how equal or unequal you are between others in your society, u.s is low/democratic. Uncertainity avoidance: preferring structure than unstructured. Cognitive dissoance: when there is a conflicting emotion or tension after making a decision. Refers to any incompatibility than an individual might perceive between two or more if his or her attitudes, or between his or her behavior and attitudes. Personality – heredity, environment, situations determine personality. Locus of control: the degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate. When we succeed we take credit for it, but when we fail, we blame others. Internals: in control of our destiny and are more satisfied and fewer absences. Externals: believe their lives are controlled by outside forces higher absences and less satisfaction. Extroversion: social, assertive. Introverted: reserved, timid. Machiavellianism: pragmatic, emotional distant, ends justify means, aggressive tactics. High mach’s: less persuaded, win more, manipulate more, flourish face to face and when there’s no rules. Self esteem: more confidence, higher risk takers. Self monitoring: ability to adjust to external behavior and situations. High Self monitors: aware of outside cues, and put on faces. Perceptions-input gives meaning to surrounding. Influenced by perceiver: attitudes, motives, interests, experiences, expectations. Target: motion, size, background, similarity. Situation: time, work, social. We judge people to find a behavior based on motives and interests. Attribution Theory- Attribution theory- Tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior. We attempt to determine if a given behavior is internally or externally caused. Assessed by 3 factors: Distinctiveness- whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations. Consensus- is his response unique or expected from everyone in a similar situation? Consistency- does the person respond the same way over time? Fundamental attribution error- The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the internal factors when making judgments about others’ behaviors. Self-serving bias- The tendency for individuals to atribute their own successes to internal factors and blame failures on external factors. Frequently used shortcuts in judging others: Selective perception- The tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one’s interest, background, experience, and attitudes. Halo effect- the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on a basis of a single characteristic. â€Å"he is all good and nothing bad† or vice versa. Contrast effect- Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that is affected by comparison with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristic. Ie. Someone being assessed right after an expert or someone that does a bad job will affect how you view that person. Stereotyping- Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs.Profiling/Stereotyping- A form of stereotyping in which a group of individuals is singed out- typically on basis of race, ethnicity- for intensive inquiry, scrutiny, or investigation.Self- fulfilling prophecy- a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception. Motivation- how much effort an individual puts forth to achieve organizational goals. Performance = motivation, ability, opportunity. Learning Theory – environment determines an individuals behavior. Law of Effect(operant conditioning, or reinforcement theory) behavior is a function of its consequences. People got to learn to behave a way to get what the want. Shaping Behavior- individuals behavior is shaped by rewarding each successive step that moves them closer to a desired response. Positive reinforcement: following a desired response with something pleasant, negative: following a response by termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant. Punishment: causing an unpleasant condition to eliminate an undesirable behavior. Extinction: eliminating any reinforcement that maintains behavior. Applied: Well pay vs sick pay, lotteries, and recognition programs. Need Theory- the individual is in control of changing behavior and not the environment. Maslows Hierarchy: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. From Low to high. 1. Physiological- food, water, shelter, bodily needs 2. Safety- protection from emotional and physical harm 3. Social- affection, belongingness, friends 4. Esteem- self respect, autonomy, recognition, attention 5. Self actualization- achieving full potential, growth As each need becomes satisfied the next need becomes dominant. A substantial satisfied need no longer motivates. High order needs: internally satisfied such as social , esteem, and self actualization. Low order needs: externally and psycho and safety needs. Extrinsic rewards such as pay tends to decrease motivation for something that was intrinsically rewarding. Extrinsic rewards given to someone performing an interesting task causes interest in the task. Two factor theory: intrinsic factors such as advancement, recognition, responsibility, and achievement, are related to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors such as supervision, pay, company policies, and working conditions are associated with dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors – these factors are conditions surrounding the job â€Å"low order needs† and people complain about and in order to motivate people on the job hertzburg suggests to emphasize characteristics that people find intrinsically rewarding. Equity Theory- comparison of outcomes such as rewards and promotions, to inputs such as effort, skills, experience, and knowledge to others in the organization and then respond to eliminate any inequities. Inequity (under rewarded) low performance and over rewarded performance will increase. Job enrichment (vertical)- is the vertical expansion of jobs, increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of his or her work. Expanding jobs vertically gives employees the opportunities, responsibilities, and controls that were previously reserved for management. Autonomy, feed back results, feedback channel, and recognizes individuals desire to grow. Job enlargement (horizontal)- is the idea to expand jobs, more tasks to work with, broaden the job. Skill variety, task identity: seeing the job getting fully done, task significance allows employees to form natural work units where asks they perform create meaningful whole. Employee Involvement Programs- allows orgs to focus on areas their workers know best. Gives sense of belonging, power, information, attitudes/values, and rewards move down the org, allows high needs to be satisfied, becoming motivated, committed, performance up, and satisfied. Line of sight: things way too far away that decreased motivation. Expectancy Theory- belief that an employee will be motivated to exert effort when it will lead to good performance then reward and hence satisfy its goals. Developed by Victor Vroom. Expectancy (effort – performance) belief That effort will lead to good performance. Skills experience and performance clarity is satisfied. Instrumentality (performance – reward) belief that good performance will lead to desired outcomes. Valence (reward – personal goal) the degree to which org. rewards will satisfy your needs and how attractive they are intrinsic and extrinsic. Effort to perform = expectancy, instrumental, valance. Gain Sharing- a formula based on group incentive plan. Focuses on productivity cost saving rather than profits. Relies less on extrinsic factors. Gain can happen without profit. Skill based pay- pay levels are based on how many skills employees have. Technical, managerial, and social. Provides flexibility to perform diff. tasks and skills are interchangeable. Facilitates communication between people to gain better understanding of the jobs. Downside, no promotions and there are limitations to how much you can learn before you top out. Timed training rotation: periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another. When employee becomes not challenged the employee is changed to maintain motivation levels high. Trait Theory- differs leaders from non-leaders. By looking at personal qualities to traits. Works well when in no structure or ambiguous teams. Leaders are born not made. Emergence of leadership rather than the leaders effect on performance. They have to be ambitious, energy, honesty, integrity, high self monitors. However, the theory may not work because fails to clarify the importance of different traits. Not a clear cause and effect relationship. Behavior Theories- assumes that leaders can be trained and the goal here is to develop potential leaders. The problem with these theories is that effective behaviors do not generalize across situations. Ohio studies: 2 dimensions: initiating structure: extent to which a leader is likely to define goals and expectations. Leaders focus is task. Consideration: the extent to which a leader has a relation with employees, trust, respect for ideas, and feelings. The leader is people oriented and focused on the employees.

Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Essay -- Instruction

English Language Learners (ELL) require appropriate education in the English language. Reading, writing, listening, pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar are important for an ELL student to learn. Educators should use individualized lesson plans that will cater to each student’s abilities and knowledge of the secondary language. An ELL classroom is formed with students who do not have the capability to speak or read English fluently. These students are unable to participate in a mainstream classroom without some type of help. The ELL classroom will give students more time to practice English. Comprehensible Input Comprehensible input is academic learning messages. An ELL student must participate if they want to learn the material. Krashen has five hypotheses for the acquisition of a second language. These hypotheses are: â€Å"acquisition learning, comprehensible input, monitor, affective filter, and natural order† (Krashen, 1981). Comprehensible input uses appropriate speech and clear explanation of tasks students need to accomplish during the school day. Students must be able to understand what is expected of them before they are able to complete the lesson or task. Comprehensible input will â€Å"be made meaningful when the speaker uses visual supports, nonverbal gestures, paraverbal support (whispers, sighs), graphic organizers, and realia (real objects that students can see) that focus learners on the concrete here and now† (Faltis, 2008). Visual aids are very beneficial for clarifying vocabulary terms to ELL students. On-Going, Specific, and Immediate Feedback Feedback is critical it must be given immediately to assist with the education. There are many types of feedback: direct, explicit written, individual conferences, di... ...4300068&v=2.1&u=canyonuniv&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&authCount=1. Krashen, S. D. (1981) Second language acquisition and second language learning. Retrieved December 29, 2011, from Web http://www.sdkrashen.com/SL_Acquisition_and_Learning/index.html. Morse, R., & Teyechea, N. (n.d.). Instructional strategies for ELL classrooms. Retrieved December 29, 2011, from Web http://www.mrmorsesclass.com/Instructional%20Strategies.pdf. McCall, J. (2005) Building Concepts and Vocabulary Before Reading. Retrieved December 29, 2011, from Web http://www.pd-network.com/lessons/frontloading_for_ell_article.pdf. Mustfa, N. (2002) Grouping in the ESL Classroom. Retrieved December 29, 2011, from Web http://www.melta.org.my/ET/2002/wp03.htm. Rothenberg, C., & Fisher, D. (2007). Teaching English Language Learners: A Differentiated Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

Cultural determinants of Latin Americans

The Latino population in the US is about 14 % (in 2006) and would rise to about 25 % within a few years. This population has very important healthcare needs, and they cannot be ignored as they form a very important part of the population of the US (Caballero, 2006). The incidence rates of diabetes are very high in the Latin American population that resides in the US. Hispanics have a high chance of developing diabetes due to genetic predisposition. The occurrence of type I diabetes is similar in Hispanic and Whites, but the prevalence of type II diabetes is almost twice higher.Environmental factors (associated with urbanization, lifestyle and leading a sedentary lifestyle) tend to impact the manner in which the disease develops and progresses in Hispanics. The outcome of diabetes of Latinos who reside in the US is particularly poor (Caballero, 2006). These rates are especially high in those above the age of 60 year. About 33 % of the female population and about 31 % of the male popul ation suffer from diabetes. The incidence rates could be higher due to a number of unreported cases. At the moment, the Hispanic population is experiencing a lot of problems with relation to accessing the healthcare services in the US.These include a reduced provision of healthcare services, poor knowledge about the availability of the healthcare services, poor insurance coverage, poor policies framed to cover the healthcare needs of the immigrants, absence of procedures in order to secure the healthcare services, inability to afford the high cost of healthcare, poor transportation facilities, cultural problems that are experienced whilst interacting with the healthcare professionals (difference in language, culture, ethnicity, values, etc), discrimination, fear, etc (Sotomayor, Pawlik & Dominguez, 2007).Healthcare services are provided at rather inconvenient hours and the transportation facilities, to and fro the healthcare unit is very poor. Some individuals belonging to the Latin Communities fear using the healthcare system as they feel that they get discriminated and deported to their home nation. Individuals belonging to the Latin communities are unable to build a rapport with the healthcare professional (Kaleidoscope). The CDC began to understand that the Latin Communities were unable to obtain effective healthcare services in the US.Hence, it launched the Latin Education Project in the year 2000 to educate the Latin Communities, make them understand their health problems, encourage health promotion and prevent the development of chronic diseases. The incidences, complications and mortality of diabetes were high in the Texas region of the Latin Communities. The communities had very poor knowledge of their health problems, as they were basically illiterate, uneducated, lived in villages and worked as farmers. Their economic situation was also very poor in the US.About 42 % of the population that reside in the Coastal Bend Area of Texas is basically Hispan ic and a sizeable amount belongs to the elder age group. In some areas, the Hispanic population is about 80 to 90 %, and this would mean that the health problems that arise due to not using the healthcare facilities are even higher. About 28 % of the elder aged-group Hispanic population lives below the poverty line. The unemployment rates are also very high in the Hispanic population (about 6 %).About 50 % of the population that live in Texas meets with fatal outcomes due to a chronic disease such as diabetes and CVS disease (Sotomayor, Pawlik & Dominguez, 2007). The Latin populations also have a lot of beliefs about healthcare, which affects the manner in which they seek healthcare services in the US. In 4 different parts of the World, Weller et al performed a study in 1999, to determine the beliefs the Latin communities had about diabetes. It was performed in Latin Communities in Connecticut, Texas, Mexico and Guatemala.A survey tool in the form of a questionnaire was utilized tha t had about 130 items regarding their beliefs about the cause, characteristics and the management of diabetes. Different populations were utilized to determine the consistency patterns. The study demonstrated that there were homogeneous beliefs in all the four communities with regards to Diabetes. As the incidence of diabetes was higher in the population, so were their knowledge levels of the disease. The cultural knowledge of diabetes was associated with greater educational levels.Sharing and transmission of knowledge was higher in populations living in developed areas. The cultural knowledge of diabetes seemed to be true and proven through modern medicine. However, there were some wrong beliefs, which existed in the population regarding diabetes. This may be due to a lack of information in a particular area, and could be easily corrected through education. The population was aware that diabetes developed due to the lack or a problem of insulin in the body.There were also aware of the frequent symptoms of diabetes such as tiredness, frequent urination, dizziness, excessive thirst, visual disturbances, etc (Weller, Baer, Pacher, et al 1999). The Latin populations do not belief in preventive care (which is given a lot of priority and importance in the US). Economic and spiritual factors influence the need to seek preventive medical care. The population may not like to seek unnecessary medical check-ups, as it may be very costly for them. Only if the patients were sick and terribly unwell, would he/she seek medical care.Hence, they are at a very high risk of developing serious complications that may arise in association with several chronic diseases. Many people end up with fatal outcomes in the hospitals. Hence, they soon begin not to trust the local healthcare providers, and tend to lose confidence in the US healthcare system. The uninsured rates are also very high in the Latino populations. The Latin population believes that curses and spiritual issues could result in the development of illness, and hence, would first seek care from a spiritual healer.Rituals, local herbs and medicines are utilized to treat the disease, frequently without much success (Kaleidoscope). The Healthcare system in the US is beginning to change in order to meet the needs of the Latino population. Awareness programs are being launched by the CDC, American Diabetic Association, etc, to educate the Latino population of their health problems and the manner in which it is to be addressed. Physicians in certain parts of the US get extra academic benefits if they serve the minority population.Several organizations in the US are conducting relevant research and studies to identify the factors that could accelerate disease and worsen their health problems. Accordingly, the health system is being modified. Physicians and other healthcare personnel belonging to Latin origins are being recruited in the healthcare system to ensure that the patients can speak in their nativ e language to the professionals. Many organizations are also visiting the Latin populations to identify their health problems and develop a solution for them.The government and local agencies are also making an effort to provide health insurance coverage for these Latin populations. Transportation facilities that serve the Latin populations are also being improved. The communities are being reassured that they would not be discriminated, abused or deported to their home nation whilst accessing healthcare services. Pictures are frequently utilized at the healthcare unit to ensure proper communication. Brochures and graphics in local languages are utilized to create greater awareness for the Latin populations.The CDC and other health organizations in the US are creating a separate segment in their websites that would help the Latin population access health information (Kaleidoscope). References: Caballero, A. E. (2006), Culturally Competent Diabetes Care and Education for Latinos, Ame rican Diabetic Association, 3(12), 3. http://docnews. diabetesjournals. org/cgi/content/full/3/12/3 Kaleidoscope – Latinos / Hispanics, Retrieved on June 22, 2007, from Kaleidoscope Website: http://cnnc. uncg. edu/pdfs/latinoshispanics. pdf Nelson, K. , Geiger, A. M. & Mangione, C. M.(2002), Effect of Health Beliefs on Delays in Care for Abnormal Cervical Cytology in a Multiethnic Population, J Gen Intern Med, 17(9), 709–716. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=1495105 Sotomayor, M. , Pawlik, F. & Dominguez, A. (2007), Building Community Capacity for Health Promotion in a Hispanic Community, Prev Chronic Dis, 4(1), A16. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=1832126 Weller, S. C. , Galzer, M. , Baer, R. D. (1999), Latino Beliefs about Diabetes, Diabetes Care, 22(5), 722-728. http://care. diabetesjournals. org/cgi/reprint/22/5/722. pdf

How to Manage and Identify Sourwood

Sourwood is a tree for all seasons and is found in the forest understory, along roadsides and a pioneering tree in clearings. A member of the heath family, Oxydendrum arboreum is primarily a hill country tree that has a range from Pennsylvania to the Gulf Coastal Plain. The leaves are dark, lustrous green and appear to weep or hang from the twigs while branches droop toward the ground. Branching patterns and persistent fruit give the tree an interesting look in the winter. Sourwood is one of the first trees to turn fall colors in the Eastern forest. By late August, it is common to see foliage of young sourwood trees along roadsides beginning to turn red. The fall color of sourwood is a striking red and orange and associated with blackgum and sassifras. It is an early summer bloomer and gives fresh flower color after most flowering plants have faded. These flowers also provide the nectar for bees and the very tasty and sought out sourwood honey. Specifics Scientific name: Oxydendrum arboreumPronunciation: ock-sih-DEN-drum ar-BORE-ee-umCommon name(s): Sourwood, Sorrel-TreeFamily: EricaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 9AOrigin: Native to North AmericaUses: recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; shade tree; specimen; no proven urban toleranceAvailability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree Special Uses Sourwood is occasionally used as an ornamental because of its brilliant fall color and mid-summer flowers. It is of little value as a timber species but the wood is heavy and is used locally for handles, firewood and in mixture with other species for pulp. Sourwood is important as a source of honey in some areas and sourwood honey is marketed locally. Description Sourwood usually grows as a pyramid or narrow oval with a more or less straight trunk at a height of 25 to 35 feet but can reach 50 to 60 feet tall with a spread of 25 to 30 feet. Occasionally young specimens have a more open spreading habit reminiscent of Redbud.Crown density: denseGrowth rate: slowTexture: medium Leaves Leaf arrangement: alternateLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: entire; serrulate; undulateLeaf shape: lanceolate; oblongLeaf venation: banchidodrome; pinnateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 4 to 8 inchesLeaf color: green Fall color: orange; red Fall characteristic: showy Trunk and Branches Trunk/bark/branches: droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; not particularly showy; should be grown with a single leader; no thornsPruning requirement: needs little pruning to develop a strong structureBreakage: resistantCurrent year twig color: green; reddishCurrent year twig thickness: medium; thin Pests and Diseases Pests are usually not a problem for Sourwood. Fall webworm can defoliate portions of the tree in summer and fall but usually control is not needed. As far as diseases, twig blight kills leaves at the branch tips. Trees in poor health seem to be more susceptible. Prune out infected branch tips and fertilize. Leaf spots can discolor some leaves but are not serious other than causing premature defoliation. Culture Light requirement: tree grows in part shade/part sun; tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; acidic; well-drainedDrought tolerance: moderateAerosol salt tolerance: moderate In Depth Sourwood grows slowly, adapts to sun or shade, and prefers a slightly acid, peaty loam. The tree transplants easily when young and from containers of any size. Sourwood grows well in confined soil spaces with good drainage making it a candidate for urban plantings but is largely untried as a street tree. It is reportedly sensitive to air pollution injury Irrigation is required during hot, dry weather to keep leaves on the tree. Reportedly not highly drought tolerant, but there are beautiful specimens in USDA hardiness zone 7 growing in the open sun in poor clay with no irrigation.